Side-by-side reference for specifying the four main air-to-air heat recovery types. Not sure which? Use the Type Selector.
| Feature | Counter-flow plate | Rotary (enthalpy) wheel | Cross-flow plate | Heat pipe |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Typical effectiveness | 60–75% sensible | 70–85% (sensible+latent) | 50–65% sensible | 50–65% sensible |
| Latent (moisture) recovery | No | Yes | No | No |
| Air streams mix? | No (separated) | Slight carry-over | No (separated) | No (separated) |
| Moving parts | No | Yes (motor) | No | No |
| Contaminated / explosive exhaust | OK (washable) | Avoid | OK | OK |
| Freeze / frost risk | Moderate | Low (regenerates) | Moderate | Low |
| Pressure drop | 80–200 Pa | 100–250 Pa | 60–150 Pa | 80–180 Pa |
| Airflow range | 500 – 200,000 m³/h | 1,000 – 300,000 m³/h | 300 – 60,000 m³/h | 500 – 100,000 m³/h |
| Best for | HVAC, pharma, clean rooms, mines | Comfort HVAC, humidity control | Compact AHUs, small units | Drying, severe fouling, freeze climates |
| Relative cost | $$ | $$$ | $ | $$ |